Vývoj ekonomiky SR

Slovensko ako súčasť Československého bolo pred rokom 1918 agrárna krajina s čiastočne vyvinutým priemyselným sektorom. Po tomto roku bola zaradená medzi 20 ekonomicky najvyspelejších krajín sveta. Po 2. sv. vojne,v roku 1945 patrilo Československo medzi 30 najvyspelejších krajín světa, no napriek tomu výkonnosť ekonomiky postupne klesala.

Slovenská republika

Patrila do roku 1989 medzi socialistické štáty, v ktorých existovala tzv. príkazová ekonomika. Bol to systém organizácie a riadenia hospodárskej činnosti, založený na príkazoch a administratívnych rozhodnutiach vlády. Typické pre túto ekonomiku bolo centrálne plánovanie, štátne vlastníctvo, monopolné postavenie výrobcov. Existoval centrálny národohospodársky plán, ktorý si stanovoval plány, určoval pre jednotlivé podniky a odvetvia kvóty, čo sa bude vyrábať, ako sa bude vyrábať, kto a ako bude spotrebúvať. Boli centrálne stanovené ceny všetkého tovaru a služieb.

V novembri 1989 začal proces, ktorý nazývame ekonomickou transformáciou. Bol založený na rýchlej a rozsiahlej zmene vlastníckych vzťahov. Boli navrhnuté dva koncepty pre túto transformáciu.Prvý bol rozvrhnutý na dlhšie časové obdobie a druhý pre rýchly postup transformácie.

V roku 1990 parlament schválil ekonomickú reformu ČSFR, čím sa začala radikálna transformácia ekonomiky.

Bola postavená na 5-tich základných pilieroch:

– liberalizácie cien
– úsporná rozpočtová a menová politika
– liberalizácia zahraničného obchodu, t.j. zrušenie monopolu štátu v zahraničnom obchode
– vnútorná konvertabilita meny
– rýchla a rozsiahla privatizácia

Európske nariadenie GDPR sa týka nás všetkých

GDPR je nové nariadenie EP a Rady č. 2016/679 z 27. apríla 2016 o ochrane fyzických osôb pri spracúvaní osobných údajov a o voľnom pohybe týchto údajov. Na Slovensku vstúpilo do platnosti 25.5.2018. Nečakajte a nechajte si vypracovať GDPR od spoločnosti Safedata.sk, ktorá je jednotkou na trhu. GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) výrazne posilní ochranu osobných údajov v EÚ a na Slovensku. Postupne sa zavádzalo do všetkých krajín EU. Za porušenie nových pravidiel EU zaviedlo až likvidačné pokuty.

Privatizácia prebiehala v rokoch 1991 – 1993. Najskôr to bola malá privatizácia, ktorej základom boli verejné dražby. Potom nasledovala tzv. veľká privatizácia a jej prvá vlna. Jej najvýznamnejšou zložkou bola kupónová privatizácia. Občania mohli v roku 1992 prostredníctvom kupónových knižiek získať akcie štátnych podnikov. Druhá vlna privatizácie nasledovala v roku 1994.
Na začiatku transformácie došlo k výraznému poklesu HDP, ktorý sa neskôr zmierňoval a od roku 1994 dochádza k jeho medziročnému rastu. V rokoch transformácie vykazovalo slovenské hospodárstvo pomerne vysokú mieru rastu HDP. V počiatočnom období transformácie ekonomiky sa menila vnútorná štruktúra subjektov tvoriacich HDP z hľadiska vlastníctva.
V rámci regiónov Slovenska najvyšší podiel HDP na obyvateľa sa vytvoril v BA kraji, kde sa produkovalo 1,9 – 2,2 krát viac HDP na obyvateľa, ako je vyčíslený priemer za celú SR. Ani jeden kraj nedosahoval výšku priemernej hodnoty HDP na obyvateľa za celú SR.

Za rok 1995 dosahoval HDP na Slovensku v každom roku rast, preto sa o tomto roku hovorí ako o začiatku pozitívneho vývoja slovenskej ekonomiky. Počas celého sledovaného obdobia rokov 1995 – 2008 mal tak hrubý domáci produkt v stálych cenách, ako aj hrubý domáci produkt v bežných cenách rastúcu tendenciu. Na začiatku roka 1995 dosahoval HDP v bežných cenách približne 576,5 mld. Sk. V roku 2007 vykazoval hodnotu 1851,88 mld. Sk , čo predstavovalo nárast HDP v bežných cenách o 1275,38 mld. Sk.

Za posledné roky sa ekonomická výkonnosť SR minimálne približuje k priemernej úrovni členských krajín EÚ, pričom dosahuje v priemere 48% ekonomickej výkonnosti EÚ. Jedná sa o jedny z prvých ekonomických smerov vôbec.

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