História straníckeho systému
Po roku 1989 sa objavila pestrá škála politických strán s ideologickým rozpätím od monarchistických až po anarchistické strany. Zo začiatku nemali veľké členské základne. Členovia boli často spätý nie len na základe členstva v strane, ale napríklad mali príbuzenské vzťahy. Svoje politické ciele a programy buď nemali vypracované vôbec, alebo len vo veľmi malej miere.
Po rozpade Sovietskeho zväzu sa vytvárali nové politické strany, ktoré neznamenali výraznú ideovú väzbu na spomenuté obdobie. Ich jediným personálnym zdrojom bola členská základňa bývalej Komunistickej strany Sovietskeho zväzu.
Kľúčová konfliktná línia prebiehala medzi prezidentským a protiprezidentkým táborom ďalšie dve, medzi radikálnymi reformami a nostalgiou a medzi pravicou a ľavicou.
S výnimkou komunistických strán, ktoré sa opierali o pôvodné organizačné štruktúry, politické subjekty sa zoskupovali prevažne na personálnych princípoch. Dokumentuje to aj ruské liberálne antiautoritatívne zoskupenie Jabloko. Deklarovaná orientácia a programy boli zväčša sekundárne. Iba komunisti mali pomerne jasný ideologický profil. Silná personalizácia a vodcovský princíp v centrálnej aj regionálnej politike boli sprevádzané častým preskupovaním síl, zmenami v zložení poslaneckých klubov a slabou čitateľnosťou jednotlivých strán, ktoré majú podobu skôr účelových zoskupení.
Pokým v roku 1999 bolo zaregistrovaných 139 politických strán, v roku 2004 iba 48, v roku 2005 – 36 a v čase začatia finančnej a hospodárskej krízy sa ich počet zredukoval na desatinu – na 14 a krátko na to, keď viaceré z nich vstúpili do JR: Jednotného Ruska a SR: Spravodlivého Ruska, ostalo iba sedem politických strán.
Tendencie legislatívy
K uvedeným tendenciám prispela aj zmenená legislatíva. Pokým v roku 2001 minimálny počet členov strany predstavoval desať tisíc, o štyri roky neskôr sa táto hranica späť násobila. Iba dve politické strany protestovali. Krajne ľavicová RKRP-RPK: Ruská komunistická robotnícka strana – Ruská strana komunistov podala sťažnosť na Ústavnom súde a liberálna RRS: Ruská republikánska strana sa sťažovala na Európskom súde pre ľudské práva.
Ruská verejnosť túto radikálnu zmenu temer nereflektovala. Pokiaľ stúpenci putinovského smeru používajú výraz suverénna demokracia, jeho oponenti hovoria o riadenej demokracii, resp. o autoritatizme. Týmito termínmi argumentujú aj pri zániku mnohých politických subjektov. Politické strany od svojho vzniku nikdy nezohrávali na území Ruska dôležitú úlohu s výnimkou sovietskeho obdobia.
Podľa výskumu, ktorý uskutočnilo VCIOM v roku 2005, štvrtina Rusov uprednostňovala vládu jednej strany, 29 % – systém 2 až 3 strán, striedajúcich sa pri moci, 17% – niekoľko kádrových strán. Pätin tvrdí, že Rusko nepotrebuje strany a kvalitných lídrov. 49% by privítalo, iba veľké strany s členskou základňou nad 50 000, 37% bolo ústretových aj k malým subjektom. V tejto otázke sa nelíšili zásadným spôsobom jednotlivé generácie. Rok nato, 32% občanov konštatovalo, že multipartizmus sa úspešne rozvíja. Na druhej strane podľa 26% občanov, mnoho straníckosť reálne neexistovalo a neexistuje.
V septembri 2008 si 57 % občanov myslelo, že okrem JR: Jednotného Ruska nijaká strana nezohráva zásadnú úlohu v politickom systéme. Pomer stúpencov monopartizmu a multipartizmu bol 30 : 38.69.
V Rusku, podobne ako v USA, parlamentné voľby nie sú rozhodujúce. Nech dopadli akokoľvek, ich výsledok neznamenal doteraz radikálny obrat v štátnej politike. Ústava nedáva dolnej komore parlamentu veľké právomoci. Menovanie ministrov a predsedu vlády neodpovedalo pred nástupom V. Putina rozloženiu poslaneckých miest, ale iba vôli hlavy štátu. Do konca roku 1999 hlavný politický konflikt neprebiehal medzi ľavicou a pravicou v parlamente, ako to býva v Európe zvykom.
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