Meranie výkonnosti ekonomiky

Efektívnosť ekonomických procesov a činnosť ekonomických subjektov je potrebné merať. Komplexnosť modernej ekonomiky predpokladá neustále sledovanie, analýzu a vyhodnocovanie dosahovaných výsledkov na všetkých riadiacich stupňoch.

Základnou makroekonomickou veličinou, ktorá sa používa na meranie výkonnosti ekonomiky je Hrubý Domáci Produkt, no možno ju merať aj pomocou Hrubého Národného Produktu.

Na HDP sa podieľajú štyri sektory, ktoré navzájom spolupracujú a efektívnou činnosťou sa podieľajú na ekonomickom raste danej krajiny. Sú to domácnosti, firmy, štát a zahraničie.

Makroekonomické veličíny merania výkonnosti

 

Hrubý národný produkt (HNP):  v angličtine označovaný jako GNP (Gross National Product) – predstavuje hodnotu všetkých finálnych statkov a služieb vyrobených národnými výrobnými faktormi, pričom nie je dôležité, na území kotrého štátu tieto výrobné faktory pôsobia. Napríklad, ak nemecká firma (VW) podniká na Slovensku, jej zisk sa započítava do hrubého domáceho produktu Slovenska, no zároveň tento zisk tvorí súčasť hrubého národného produktu Nemecka.

 

Hrubý domáci produkt (HDP): v angličtine označovaný jako GDP (Gross Domestic Product) – predstavuje súhrn finálnych statkov a služieb vyrobených a poskytnutých výrobnými faktormi za určité časové obdobie – zvyčajne je to rok – na území danej krajiny, bez ohľadu na štátnu príslušnosť. V porovnaní sa hrubým národným (ekonomickým) produktom je lepším meradlom toho, koľko pracovných miest dokáže daná ekonomika vytvoriť.

Finálnymi statkami rozumieme také produkty, ktoré spotrebitelia, podnikatelia, štát a cudzinci vyrábajú a predávajú/kupujú na konečnú spotrebu alebo investovanie.

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