Charakteristika inflácie
Definícií inflácie je nespočetne veľa, každý autor sa k nej vyjadruje inak. Inflácia je jedným zo základných pojmov a problémov, ktorými sa zaoberá makroekonomická teória. V knihe Ekonómia v novej ekonomike sa uvádza, že „inflácia sa prejavuje dlhodobým rastom cenovej hladiny tovarov a služieb, prípadne trvalým znižovaním kúpnej sily peňažných jednotiek.“ Známy český ekonóm Robert Holman infláciu vymedzuje ako „rast cien alebo zmenšovanie kúpnej sily peňazí, ale nie zmenšovanie kúpnej sily ľudí. Inflácia zmenšuje množstvo tovarov a služieb, ktoré si môžeme za peňažnú jednotku kúpiť, ale nezmenšuje množstvo tovarov a služieb, ktoré si môžeme kúpiť za náš dôchodok.“
Ekonómovia vo všeobecnosti označujú infláciu ako pretrvávajúci rast cenovej hladiny. Udáva sa v percentách a vyjadruje o koľko (percent) menej tovarov a služieb možno za peňažnú jednotku nakúpiť v porovnaní s predchádzajúcim rokom.
Meranie inflácie
Pri meraní inflácie využívame rôzne metódy, z ktorých však ani jedna nie je úplne presná. Najčastejšie sa na meranie inflácie používajú cenové indexy. Cenový index je vážený priemer individuálnych cien vybraného koša reprezentatívnych výrobkov a služieb v dvoch porovnaných obdobiach, pričom váha ceny každého tovaru odráža ekonomický význam tohto tovaru.
Medzi najvýznamnejšie cenové indexy patria:
1. index spotrebiteľských cien (angl. CPI – Consumer Price Index),
2. index cien výrobcov (angl. PPI – Producer Price Index),
3. deflátor HDP
Pri meraní inflácie je veľmi dôležité, na ktoré ceny sa zameriame. Najkomplexnejší pri výpočte inflácie je deflátor hrubého domáceho produktu, pretože zachytáva všetky ceny a týka sa všetkých ekonomických subjektov. Menej komplexný by bol index cien výrobcov z dôvodu, že nezachytáva celkovú kúpnu silu peňazí.
Cenový index
Inflácia meraná prostredníctvom cenového indexu je len približným meradlom priemernej situácie v hospodárstve; nie je identická s celkovými zmenami cien, ktorým sú vystavení jednotliví spotrebitelia. Je to z toho dôvodu, že vývoj cien, ktoré sú vyjadrené prostredníctvom tohto koša vypovedá len o priemernej situácii, čiže ak by nastala situácia, že sa nákupné správanie určitého spotrebiteľa zmení od priemerného modelu spotreby, náklady spotrebiteľa sa môžu zmeniť inak ako ukáže index. Mieru inflácie označujeme π.
Cenová hladina
Cenová hladina je priemerná úroveň cien určitého súboru statku v bežnom období v porovnaní s úrovňou cien základného obdobia.
Podľa údajov Eurostatu V októbri roku 2009 a v januári a februári v roku 2010 došlo dokonca k deflácii, teda k znižovaniu cien zahrnutých v spotrebnom koši oproti rovnakému obdobiu predchádzajúceho roka.
Vypracovanie GDPR dokumentácie od externej firmy šetrí vaše náklady
General Data Protection Regulation nadobudla účinnosť 25.5.2018. GDPR sa týka každého kto zhromažďuje a spracováva osobné údaje, vrátane spoločností a inštitúcií mimo EÚ, ktoré pôsobia na našom trhu. S vypracovním GDPR dokumentácie vám profesionálne pomôže spoločnosť SAFEDATA. GDPR po novom zaviedlo povinne zriadiť niektorým subjektom novú funkciu DPO (Data Protection Officer) osobu, ktorá bude dohliadať nad spracovaní osobných údajov.
Dôsledky inflácie
– Na prvý pohľad sa zdá, že inflácia najviac postihuje obyvateľstvo s najnižšími príjmami, nemusí to ale byť pravda
– Najnižšie mzdy, dôchodky a sociálne dávky sa obvykle pravidelne valorizujú – zvyšujú o mieru inflácie, čo však neplatí pre stredné a vyššie dôchodky
– Absolútne najviac strácajú bohatí ľudia s najvyššími príjmami, relatívne najviac priemerne bohatí ľudia s priemernými príjmami.
Príčiny inflácie
Príčiny inflácie, ktorá nadobudla chronický charakter spočívajú v zmenách mechanizmov fungovania jednotlivých ekonomík. Tieto zmeny boli podmienené mnohými faktormi.
Patria sem:
– Zánik automatického regulovania peňažného obehu vnútri ekonomík, vylúčením zlata z vnútorného peňažného obehu a jeho nahradenie neplnohodnotnou menou, nevymeniteľnou za zlato. Takáto mena má trvalé sklony k znehodnocovaniu;
– Monopolizácia ekonomík spôsobila rast cien, dokonca aj pri prevahe ponuky nad dopytom;
• Odčerpávanie veľkej časti vytvoreného národného dôchodku štátom na neproduktívne, predovšetkým na vojenské výdavky;
– Tlak odborov na zvýšenie miezd v súvislosti s rastúcimi cenami;
– Znehodnotenie meny;
– Rastúce deficity platobných bilancií;
– Opatrenia zamerané na stimulovanie celkového efektívneho dopytu a mnohé ďalšie.
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me?
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you.
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks!
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you.
DveMKFousj
AgPElGOKRj
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you.
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.
Current Therapeutic Research 1981; 29 525 536 best site to buy priligy canada 2018 Apr; 251 2 247 261
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks!
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me. https://accounts.binance.com/en-ZA/register-person?ref=JHQQKNKN
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me?
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
The New England Journal of Medicine 354 15 1578 88 priligy and cialis together
The Gail model offers a way to predict what would have been the expected incidence of breast cancer in the cohort of women who elected to undergo bilateral prophylactic mastectomy priligy and cialis together 2 It has been postulated that exercise and illicit drug use may cause pneumothorax by leading to deeper inhalation and Valsalva maneuvers
Android ж?не iOS ?шін 888starz bet ?осымшасын ж?ктеп алы?ыз.
Hey, thanks for the article post.Really thank you! Will read on…
Excellent article. I am dealing with many of these issues as well..
ivermectin brand ivermectin for sale – ivermectin 10 ml
Keep your posture low and make sure your shoulders are aligned over your feet.
reddit darknet markets 2021 alphabay market
What’s up, this weekend is fastidious designed for me, for the reason that this occasion i am reading this fantastic informative piece of writing here at my home.
I want to to thank you for this great read!!I definitely enjoyed every little bit of it.I have you saved as a favorite to look at new things you post… 0mniartist asmr
erectile dysfunction pills: best erectile dysfunction pills review erectile dysfunction pills
It’s hard to come by educated people in this particular topic,however, you sound like you know what you’re talking about!Thanks
Im obliged for the blog post.Thanks Again. Will read on…
Very neat article post. Keep writing.
Thanks again for the blog post.
A big thank you for your blog.Thanks Again. Great.
Very neat blog. Cool.
I loved your article.Thanks Again. Great.
What’s up colleagues, how is everything, and what you would like to say regarding this article, in my view its really awesome designed for me.
Very neat blog.Really thank you! Keep writing.
Very neat blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
Awesome blog article.Really thank you! Great.
An intriguing discussion is worth comment. I do think that you should publish more about this subject, it might not be a taboo matter but usually folks don’t discuss such subjects. To the next! Cheers!!
What’s Going down i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I have found It absolutely helpful and it has helped me out loads. I’m hoping to contribute & assist other users like its helped me. Great job.
Great blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Much obliged.
I loved your blog post.Really thank you! Keep writing.
Im grateful for the blog.Much thanks again.
hi!,I love your writing so much! proportion we be in contact extra approximately your post on AOL? I need an expert in this area to resolve my problem. Maybe that’s you! Looking forward to peer you.
Your method of describing everything in this post is genuinely fastidious, every one can effortlessly know it, Thanks a lot.
Hi there! This blog post could not be written any better! Looking at this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He always kept preaching about this. I’ll send this article to him. Pretty sure he’ll have a great read. Thanks for sharing!
Your style is unique in comparison to other people I’ve read stuff from. Thanks for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess I’ll just bookmark this blog.
Hi! I just would like to offer you a huge thumbs up for the excellent information you have here on this post. I will be coming back to your blog for more soon.
I love the manner you have concluded this blog post …
Sweet blog! I found it while surfing around on Yahoo News.Do you have any suggestions on how to get listed in Yahoo News?I’ve been trying for a while but I never seem to get there!Cheers
I really enjoy the post.Much thanks again. Will read on…
chloroquine antimalarial hydrodiuril cloraquine
Thanks for the article post.Really thank you! Awesome.
medical pharmacy south: mexican pharmacy online – usa pharmacy
Wow, great article post.Thanks Again. Will read on…
Hi, I do believe this is a great blog. I stumbledupon it I may revisit yet again since I saved as a favorite it. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and continue to help others.
Very nice article, totally what I needed.Feel free to surf to my blog post; Ernestina
Very neat blog.Much thanks again.Loading…
apartments in west ashley sc fox lake apartments apartments in kalamazoo mi
ivermectin side effects in humans ivermectin in humans
Met de handige betsixty app heb je toegang tot al je favoriete spellen waar je ook bent. Download de app eenvoudig en geniet van een soepel lopende en gebruiksvriendelijke mobiele casino-ervaring, perfect voor spelers onderweg.
скачать 888 starz на андроид бесплатно https://globuss24.ru/wp-pages/?888starz-online-casino_2.html
This is one awesome post.Much thanks again. Great.
888starz приложения https://dsdynamo.ru/wp-content/pgs/888starz-download_1.html
888starz casino https://cricket.co.za/blog/?888starz-casino-cotedivoire.html
telecharger 888starz https://www.fbioyf.unr.edu.ar/evirtual/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=47707
888 starz code bonus https://dsdynamo.ru/wp-content/pgs/888starz-download_1.html
telecharger 888 starz sur Android gratuitement https://dgpre.ucn.cl/index.php/events/cierre-de-proceso-suspensiones-de-gratuidad-y-beneficios-becas-y-creditos-del-estado-2/#comment-139914
Really appreciate you sharing this article.Really thank you! Much obliged.
888starz http://forum.aionclassic.net/member.php?u=13106
Great article.Much thanks again. Great.
apartments for rent vancouver columbia heights apartments apartments in lawrenceville ga
I really enjoy the post. Awesome.
Enjoy live casino and sports betting on 888Starz Casino with rewards.
888starz скачать https://profootball.su/wp-content/pages/strategii-stavok-na-sport-888starz.html
скачать 888starz на телефон https://xn—-dtbe1bsa.xn--p1ai/modules/artcles/?casino-888starz-riski.html
888starz отзывы https://ulov.guru/articles/polnyj-obzor-kazino-888starz-igry-bonusy-vyplaty/
I am so grateful for your article.Much thanks again. Awesome.
I value the blog article. Awesome.
Very neat post.Much thanks again. Much obliged.
Thanks a lot for the blog.Really thank you! Great.
Hey!. Such a nice post! I’m really appreciate it. It will be great if you’ll read my first article on SF!)
I’ll right away snatch your rss feed as I can not find your e-mail subscription hyperlink or newsletter service.Do you have any? Please allow me realize in order that I may just subscribe.Thanks.
Thanks again for the blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Want more.
I really enjoy the post.Thanks Again. Cool.
Very informative blog.Really thank you! Keep writing.
Im grateful for the blog article.Thanks Again.
I can’t get a signal lawsuits against celebrex You have toremember that the cap had been an exceptional and temporarymeasure since the start
I loved your post.Really thank you!
Really enjoyed this article post.Thanks Again.
Thanks-a-mundo for the post.Really thank you! Fantastic.
888starz bet скачать бесплатно http://hckolagmk.ru/images/pgs/888starz-strategia-martingeila.html
Awesome blog article.
888starz отзывы http://watersport.org.ru/images/pgs/888starz-top-10-slotov-casino.html
I really liked your article.Thanks Again.
Hi my loved one! I wish to sayy that this pot is amazing, great written and come with approximately all important infos.I’d like to see more posts like this .
Muchos Gracias for your article post.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
A round of applause for your blog post.Much thanks again.
Major thankies for the article. Fantastic.
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic blog post.Really thank you! Keep writing.
Fantastic blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Will read on…
Thanks a lot for the blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Keep writing.
ivermectin dosage chart for humans ivermectin collies
Hi there! Do you know if they make any plugins to safeguard againsthackers? I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve worked hard on. Any tips?
888 starz скачать ios https://androidonliner.ru/multimedia/888starz-ios-kak-skachat-i-ustanovit-prilozhenie-na-iphone
Fantastic blog post.Really thank you! Fantastic.
order medications online from india: reputable online pharmacies in india best online international pharmacies india
888starz ios https://zigry.net/skachat-prilozhenie-888starz-na-android/
injections for ed best ed supplements – ed pills that really work
Теперь азартные развлечения стали еще доступнее, ведь все функции казино и букмекерской конторы собраны в одном мобильном приложении. Здесь можно делать ставки на спорт, играть в слоты, участвовать в лайв-играх с настоящими дилерами и пользоваться эксклюзивными предложениями для мобильных пользователей. Приложение работает стабильно, предлагает высокую скорость загрузки игр и мгновенные выплаты, что делает его идеальным выбором для тех, кто хочет играть с комфортом. Чтобы воспользоваться всеми преимуществами платформы, скачайте клиент по ссылке https://888starzpf.cc/ и получите доступ к уникальным бонусам. После установки пользователи смогут участвовать в турнирах, получать персонализированные бонусы и пользоваться системой кэшбэка, которая возвращает часть проигранных ставок. В приложении предусмотрены быстрые депозиты, удобные платежные методы и моментальный вывод средств без комиссии. Также доступна система уведомлений, которая позволяет всегда быть в курсе новых акций, бонусов и турниров с крупными призами. Теперь вам не нужно беспокоиться о доступе к казино – просто скачайте клиент и наслаждайтесь игрой в любое удобное для вас время. Попробуйте мобильную версию прямо сейчас и получите максимум удовольствия от ставок и азартных игр!
Major thankies for the blog article.Much thanks again. Awesome.
Hi, I do think this is an excellent blog. I stumbledupon it I may come back yet again since i have saved as a favorite it. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and continue to guide others.
Really enjoyed this blog post.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
lasix 10 – doxycycline over the counter south africa doxycycline gel
I love looking through a post that will make men and women think. Also, thanks for permitting me to comment.
It’s enormous that you are getting thoughts from this paragraph as well as from our argument made at thisplace.
I really enjoy the article.Thanks Again.
Very good blog article.Really thank you! Will read on…
Thanks a lot for the article post.Really looking forward to read more. Will read on…
Really appreciate you sharing this blog post.Thanks Again. Keep writing.
Современные игроки выбирают мобильные казино, потому что это удобно, быстро и надежно. Теперь не нужно зависеть от браузера – просто скачайте клиент и получите полный доступ ко всем возможностям платформы. Здесь доступны ставки на спорт с высокими коэффициентами, игровые автоматы с прогрессивными джекпотами и лайв-игры с профессиональными дилерами. Чтобы воспользоваться всеми преимуществами платформы, просто скачайте клиент по ссылке https://888starzs.cc/ и зарегистрируйтесь. После установки пользователи получают доступ к моментальным выплатам, персонализированным бонусам и эксклюзивным акциям, которые позволяют увеличить шансы на крупные выигрыши. В приложении предусмотрены удобные платежные методы, мгновенные депозиты и система уведомлений, которая поможет вам следить за новыми акциями, бонусами и турнирами. Теперь играть стало еще проще – просто скачайте приложение, зарегистрируйтесь и начните выигрывать уже сегодня. Интерфейс приложения интуитивно понятен, а скорость работы позволяет наслаждаться игрой без зависаний. Если вы хотите испытать все преимущества мобильного казино, установите клиент прямо сейчас и воспользуйтесь эксклюзивными предложениями!
I truly appreciate this post.Much thanks again. Fantastic.
I value the blog. Great.
Thanks for the blog article. Want more.
Really enjoyed this article post.Really thank you! Will read on…
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic article.Really thank you! Really Cool.
I value the post.Much thanks again. Cool.
I cannot thank you enough for the blog.Thanks Again. Want more.
Post writing is also a fun, if you be acquainted with then you can write otherwise it is complicated to write.
what ration cbd and thc for a low tolerance marijuana user
Kudos, Plenty of info.help me do my essay help writing paper i need help writing my personal statement
I appreciate you sharing this article post.Thanks Again. Great.
You can certainly see your skills within the work you write. The arena hopes for even more passionate writers like you who aren’t afraid to say how they believe. At all times follow your heart.
If you want to continue playing football, you must work on keeping your body healthy.
Awesome article post.Really thank you! Fantastic.
Hi, after reading this remarkable piece of writing i am also delighted to share my knowledge here with friends.
Fantastic blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Much obliged.
Major thanks for the article.Much thanks again. Want more.
I believe you have noted some very interesting details , thankyou for the post.
I loved your blog.Really thank you! Cool.
Your style is so unique compared to other people I have read stuff from. Many thanks for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess I’ll just book mark this blog.
I needed to thank you for this wonderful read!! I definitely enjoyed every bit of it. I have got you saved as a favorite to check out new things you postÖ
Major thankies for the blog.Thanks Again. Fantastic.
I am really impressed with your writing skills and also with the layout on your blog. Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself? Either way keep up the nice quality writing, it’s rare to see a great blog like this one these days..
Thanks for sharing your thoughts on neotec water treatment.Regards
ivermectin coronavirus ivermectin over counter
A round of applause for your article. Great.
hello brother, I follow you closely, first of all, thank you for accepting my comment, I wish you continued success.!!
I value the blog.Thanks Again. Awesome.
Hi my friend! I wish to say that this article is amazing, nice written and come with approximately all significant infos.I would like to peer more posts like this .
ivermectin products can i use ivermectin on my cats what worms does ivermectin treat in horses
Great article post.Much thanks again. Will read on…
I will immediately take hold of your rss as I can’t find your email subscription link or e-newsletter service.Do you have any? Kindly let me realize in order that I may just subscribe.Thanks.
I really liked your article post. Really Great.
What’s Going down i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I have discovered It absolutely useful and it has helped me out loads. I’m hoping to contribute & assist different customers like its aided me. Great job.
Very informative blog post.Really thank you! Really Cool.
I am so grateful for your article.Really thank you! Keep writing.
Im thankful for the blog.Really looking forward to read more. Really Great.
Thank you for your blog. Great.
Thanks so much for the blog.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
I am so grateful for your article.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool.
Thanks so much for the blog post.Much thanks again. Cool.
order doxycycline capsules online – doxycycline order online prednisolone brand name india
Thank you ever so for you blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Keep writing.
A big thank you for your post.Much thanks again. Cool.
Very nice post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wished to mention that I’vereally enjoyed browsing your blog posts. After all I’ll be subscribing toyour rss feed and I hope you write once more soon!
Major thankies for the blog post. Really Great.
modafinil weight loss provigil medication modalert online
ivermectin dosage for pigs stromectol ingredient
I loved your blog. Really Cool.
Hi my loved one! I wish to say that this article is amazing, great written and come with almost all important infos. I would like to peer extra posts like this.
I can’t go into details, but I have to say its a good article!
informational essaywhat is essay formatparaphrase my essay
look your post. Thanks a lot and I am taking a look ahead
I do not even understand how I finished up here, but I thought this publish used to be great.I don’t recognize who you are however definitely you are going to a well-known blogger in case you aren’t already.Cheers!
This is a great tip especially to those fresh to the blogosphere.Brief but very accurate info… Appreciate your sharing this one.A must read post!
My brother recommended I may like this blog. He used to be totally right.This post truly made my day. You can not believe simply how a lot time I had spent for this info!Thank you!