Finančný trh je vrcholom všetkých trhov. Stretáva sa na ňom ponuka aj dopyt po finančných prostriedkoch. Výsledkom stretnutia ponuky a dopytu je cena, ktorá môže mať rôzne podoby (napr. úrok, kurz cenných papierov, kurz zlata, devízový kurz, poistné). Toto stretnutie sa uskutočňuje prostredníctvom finančných sprostredkovateľov. Medzi sprostredkovateľov patria najmä banky, sporiteľne, poisťovne, investičné spoločnosti, peňažné burzy.
Finanční sprostredkovatelia zabezpečujú stretávanie všetkých ekonomických subjektov, ktoré vystupujú na finančnom trhu: orgány verejného sektora, podnikateľský sektor, obyvateľstvo. Finančný sprostredkovatelia uľahčujú uskutočňovanie príslušných operácií na finančnom trhu a tým znižujú informačné a transakčne náklady. Zdroje a prostriedky finančného trhu sú využiteľné vo všetkých oblastiach, z tohto dôvodu je finančný trh najuniverzálnejším trhom. Na finančnom trhu, finančný sprostredkovatelia prostredníctvom finančných nástrojov zaisťujú pohyb krátkodobého, strednodobého a tak isto dlhodobého kapitálu medzi jednotlivými subjektmi.
Táto definícia finančného trhu zdôrazňuje 3 kategórie:
– Systém finančných nástrojov
– Finančné inštitúcie
– Pohyb peňažného kapitálu
Prísnejšie pravidlá a vyššie sankcie za nedodržanie GDPR
GDPR predstavuje nový právny rámec ochrany osobných údajov na európskej úrovni. Jeho cieľom je predovšetkým chrániť práva občanov Európskej únie proti neoprávnenému spracovávaniu s ich osobnými alebo citlivými údajmi. Spoločnosť Safedata.sk ponúka od roku 2018 vypracovanie GDPR dokumentácie pre malé a stredné spoločnosti. Európske GDPR nariadenie zaviedlo nové pravidlá, ktoré naviac sprísnili výškami pokút.
Americký ekonóm F.Mishkin definuje finančný trh ako „systém ekonomických nástrojov, inštitúcií a vzťahov, ktorý sústreďuje, rozmiestňuje a prerozdeľuje peňažné prostriedky medzi ekonomické subjekty na základe ponuky a dopytu“
Podľa V. Beneša a P. Musílka „ sa na finančnom trhu sústreďuje ponuka a dopyt peňazí a kapitálu, vytvára sa jeho cena, za ktoré sú subjekty finančného trhu ochotné vykonávať finančné operácie a transakcie. Finančný trh presnejšie vyjadruje jednotu krátkodobých a dlhodobých transakcií v reprodukčnom procese modernej ekonomiky.“ Tieto i ďalšie definície finančného trhu zdôrazňujú podstatné charakteristiky. No nemôžu obsiahnuť celú jeho zložitosť.
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